Modern physics introduced extensions to preserve consistency between theory and observation. Their accumulation is treated here as a structural signal.
ConceptPeriodProblem AddressedNature
Cosmological Constant1917 / 1998Global structure and accelerated expansion of the universeGeometric adjustment
Wave Function Collapse1920s-1930sDefinite outcome in quantum measurementInterpretive postulate
Copenhagen Interpretation1920sPhysical meaning of measurementConceptual framework
Uncertainty Principle1927Structural limits of simultaneous determinationTheoretical restriction
Dark Matter1930s-1970sRotation curves, galactic dynamics, missing massUnobserved entity
Renormalization1940sElimination/control of infinities in QFTMathematical technique
Vacuum Energy1940s-1950sQuantum structure of the vacuumConceptual extension
Many-Worlds Interpretation1957Preservation of unitarity and measurement problemInterpretive extension
Grand Unified Theories (GUTs)1970sUnification of fundamental interactionsHypothetical framework
Supersymmetry1970sHierarchy problem and Higgs stabilityTheoretical extension
Anthropic Principle1970s-1990sFine-tuning of constantsCosmological argument
Axions1977Strong CP problem in QCDHypothetical particle
Cosmic Inflation1980Homogeneity, isotropy and flatness of the universeCosmological hypothesis
Inflaton1980sDynamic mechanism for inflationHypothetical entity
String Theory1970s-presentUnification of gravity and quantum theoryTheoretical program
MOND and Modified Gravities1980sAlternative to dark matter in weak regimesDynamical adjustment
Loop Quantum Gravity1980s-1990sQuantization of space-timeCandidate theory
Extra Dimensions1920s-presentGeometric extension for unificationGeometric extension
Multiverse1950s-presentFine-tuning and selection of constantsCosmological hypothesis
Dark Energy1998Accelerated expansion of the universeCosmological entity
String Landscape2000sMultiplicity of solutions in unification theoriesTheoretical extension
Within UQCFT, this accumulation indicates the search for a deeper criterion capable of determining why certain configurations remain stable, observable, and physically viable.